{"id":16632,"date":"2026-04-20T14:25:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T12:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swissdigitalcenter.ch\/?p=16632"},"modified":"2026-04-20T14:27:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T12:27:29","slug":"ia-du-pragmatisme-plutot-que-de-la-precipitation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swissdigitalcenter.ch\/fr\/news\/ia-du-pragmatisme-plutot-que-de-la-precipitation\/","title":{"rendered":"IA\u2009: du pragmatisme plut\u00f4t que de la pr\u00e9cipitation\u2009!\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Entre enthousiasme technologique et craintes l\u00e9gitimes, l’intelligence artificielle\u00a0(IA)\u00a0soul\u00e8ve de nombreuses questions dans les PME. Lors d’une table ronde r\u00e9unissant Bertrand Fournier<\/a>, chef de projets digitaux \u00e0 la Fondation The\u00a0Ark, Delphine\u00a0Seiti\u00e9e<\/a>, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d’AlpICT, et Silvia\u00a0Quarteroni<\/a>, responsable innovation du\u00a0Swiss\u00a0Data Science Center, les trois experts ont partag\u00e9 leur vision pragmatique de l’IA. Leur message est clair\u2009: plut\u00f4t que de craindre cette r\u00e9volution technologique, il faut l’apprivoiser progressivement, en commen\u00e7ant petit et en restant ancr\u00e9 dans les besoins m\u00e9tiers.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’un des premiers d\u00e9fis identifi\u00e9s par les intervenants concerne le\u00a0\u00ab\u2009shadow\u00a0IA<\/em>\u2009\u00bb, c’est-\u00e0-dire l’utilisation non encadr\u00e9e d’outils d’intelligence artificielle par les collaborateurs. \u00ab\u2009Tout le monde a son compte payant ou non payant\u00a0ChatGPT, Gemini ou autre.\u00a0L\u2019interdire, c’est comme si en entreprise,\u00a0on demandait aux personnes de ne plus aller sur Internet<\/em>\u2009\u00bb, constate Delphine\u00a0Seiti\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plut\u00f4t que d’interdire ces pratiques, Silvia\u00a0Quarteroni\u00a0recommande\u00a0de\u00a0l’ouverture.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009Les entreprises doivent avoir une ouverture vis-\u00e0-vis de ces outils et ne pas fermer la porte drastiquement depuis le d\u00e9but, parce qu’in\u00e9vitablement, apr\u00e8s, les choses se feront en cachette\u2009<\/em>\u00bb. Bertrand Fournier fait\u00a0quant \u00e0 lui\u00a0le parall\u00e8le avec Dropbox.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009Cela\u00a0a r\u00e9volutionn\u00e9 le partage de fichiers. Les gens ont fait du\u00a0shadow\u00a0IT, \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque. Et \u00e7a a pouss\u00e9 les entreprises \u00e0 se r\u00e9inventer\u00a0dans ce domaine<\/em>\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’IA rend-elle b\u00eate\u2009?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Face \u00e0 l’inqui\u00e9tude d’une d\u00e9pendance excessive aux outils d’IA, les intervenants se veulent rassurants. Delphine\u00a0Seiti\u00e9e\u00a0rappelle les propos du philosophe Michel Serres.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009Il expliquait qu’avant, on\u00a0avait la facult\u00e9 d\u2019apprendre par\u00a0coeur. Aujourd’hui, on est incapable de le faire. L’ordinateur\u00a0et\u00a0le smartphone ont amen\u00e9\u00a0des pertes\u00a0de facult\u00e9s, ce qui est r\u00e9el. Mais on en gagne aussi. Et avec l’IA, on ne sait pas encore celles qu’on va gagner\u2009<\/em>\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’exemple des \u00e9checs illustre parfaitement ce propos.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009Aujourd’hui, l’IA bat le meilleur joueur d’\u00e9checs au monde, mais paradoxalement il\u00a0n’y a jamais eu autant d’enthousiasme autour des \u00e9checs. Notamment\u00a0parce que c’est hyper exaltant de pouvoir analyser en temps r\u00e9el les joueurs\u2009<\/em>\u00bb, explique Delphine\u00a0Seiti\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silvia\u00a0Quarteroni\u00a0insiste sur la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009C’est \u00e0 l’intelligence humaine de d\u00e9cider comment je me sers d’un certain outil. Si je veux apprendre quelque chose, je dois accepter que je ne\u00a0peux\u00a0pas tout confier \u00e0\u00a0ChatGPT. C’est vraiment un probl\u00e8me humain, pas technologique<\/em>\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’IA\u2009: catastrophe \u00e9cologique\u2009?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Concernant l’impact environnemental de l’intelligence artificielle, Silvia\u00a0Quarteroni\u00a0nuance le discours alarmiste.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009Tous les\u00a0outils\u00a0n’ont pas\u00a0le co\u00fbt \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de l’entra\u00eenement de\u00a0ChatGPT\u00a0version 5. Beaucoup de solutions qu’on a mises en place sont tr\u00e8s peu gourmandes d’\u00e9nergie<\/em>\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle reconna\u00eet n\u00e9anmoins certains exc\u00e8s.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009Il y a beaucoup d’utilisations\u00a0qui ne sont\u00a0peut-\u00eatre pas tr\u00e8s frugales\u00a0et pas n\u00e9cessaires.\u00a0La bonne nouvelle, c’est que d’un point de vue recherche, puisque tout le monde a des factures \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 payer, il y a \u00e9norm\u00e9ment\u00a0d\u2019incitations aux \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie<\/em>\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bertrand Fournier fait une analogie parlante.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009C’est un peu comme la voiture. On doit se poser la question\u2009: quelle voiture pour faire quel d\u00e9placement\u2009? On roule tous avec des voitures qui font du 130 dans une ville o\u00f9 on ne d\u00e9passe pas le 45. L’IA, c’est la m\u00eame chose<\/em>\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique\u2009: un faux d\u00e9bat\u2009?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La question de la d\u00e9pendance aux technologies am\u00e9ricaines suscite un d\u00e9bat int\u00e9ressant. Pour Delphine\u00a0Seiti\u00e9e, \u00ab\u2009le terme de souverainet\u00e9 est assez compliqu\u00e9 dans le monde dans lequel on vit. On n’a pas de mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re en Suisse. On est oblig\u00e9s de collaborer tous ensemble. Les montants investis dans les large\u00a0language\u00a0models\u00a0par les Am\u00e9ricains, \u00e7a fait 20 ans qu’ils investissent\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa recommandation\u2009: se concentrer sur les forces helv\u00e9tiques. \u00ab\u2009L’id\u00e9e du last mile, c’est de se dire\u2009: o\u00f9 met-on l’\u00e9nergie\u2009?\u00a0Il s\u2019agit de\u00a0valoriser les comp\u00e9tences suisses, l’horlogerie, la micro-nanotechnologie, les choses difficiles\u00a0\u00e0 faire. Il faut se concentrer l\u00e0-dessus et, pour le reste,\u00a0utiliser d’autres outils qui peuvent venir d’ailleurs<\/em>\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silvia\u00a0Quarteroni\u00a0abonde dans ce sens.\u00a0\u00ab\u2009Rivaliser avec les GAFAM, c’est irr\u00e9aliste. Ce qui est important, ce n’est pas le produit final. Le m\u00e9rite, c’est de promouvoir la r\u00e9tention de talents qui ont pu travailler ici plut\u00f4t qu’aux \u00c9tats-Unis<\/em>\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une r\u00e9volution qui doit devenir invisible<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le souhait de Silvia\u00a0Quarteroni\u00a0pour l’avenir\u2009? \u00ab\u2009Qu’apr\u00e8s-demain, on ne pense plus \u00e0 IA versus pas IA, mais qu\u2019elle fasse\u00a0partie de notre outillage de base, comme Word et Excel. On ne juge pas la fa\u00e7on dont cet outillage a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait. On a des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, donc on l’utilise. L\u00e0, on sera tous gagnants<\/em>\u2009\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au final, les intervenants sont d\u2019accord pour dire que l\u2019IA n’est ni une menace ni une solution miracle, mais un outil parmi d’autres qu’il faut apprendre \u00e0 utiliser avec discernement et pragmatisme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Envie de mettre en place un projet de digitalisation ou d\u2019IA dans votre entreprise\u202f? Des programmes, coordonn\u00e9s notamment par la Fondation The Ark, existent. Informations sur cette page web<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propos recueillis le 29 janvier 2026 au Swiss Digital Center de Sierre<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Entre enthousiasme technologique et craintes l\u00e9gitimes, l’intelligence artificielle\u00a0(IA)\u00a0soul\u00e8ve de nombreuses questions dans les PME. Lors d’une table ronde r\u00e9unissant Bertrand Fournier, chef de projets digitaux \u00e0 la Fondation The\u00a0Ark, Delphine\u00a0Seiti\u00e9e, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d’AlpICT, et Silvia\u00a0Quarteroni, responsable innovation du\u00a0Swiss\u00a0Data Science Center, les trois experts ont partag\u00e9 leur vision pragmatique de l’IA. Leur message est clair\u2009: plut\u00f4t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":16633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIA\u2009: du pragmatisme plut\u00f4t que de la pr\u00e9cipitation\u2009!\u00a0\u00a0 – Swiss Digital Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lors d'une table ronde r\u00e9unissant Bertrand Fournier, Delphine Seiti\u00e9e et Silvia Quarteroni, les 3 experts ont partag\u00e9 leur vision pragmatique de l'IA.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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