{"id":9788,"date":"2023-03-23T17:09:15","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T16:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swissdigitalcenter.ch\/?p=9788"},"modified":"2023-03-23T17:09:16","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T16:09:16","slug":"mobilite-la-science-aide-les-collectivites-a-la-mise-en-place-de-politiques-publiques-efficaces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swissdigitalcenter.ch\/fr\/news\/mobilite-la-science-aide-les-collectivites-a-la-mise-en-place-de-politiques-publiques-efficaces\/","title":{"rendered":"Mobilit\u00e9: La science aide les collectivit\u00e9s \u00e0 la mise en place de politiques publiques efficaces"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Ren\u00e9 Schumann<\/a> est professeur-chercheur au sein de l\u2019Institut informatique de la HES-SO Valais-Wallis<\/a> depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es. Jamais \u00e0 court d\u2019un trait d\u2019esprit ing\u00e9nieux, son humour est aussi affut\u00e9 que son intelligence est vive. Trilingue, il est souvent assist\u00e9 dans son \u00e9quipe par des post-doctorants aux parcours et origines vari\u00e9es. Peut-\u00eatre est-ce cette ouverture d\u2019esprit qui l\u2019a naturellement dirig\u00e9 vers le th\u00e8me de la mobilit\u00e9 ? C\u2019est plut\u00f4t un esprit brillant qui n\u2019a de cesse de chercher des r\u00e9ponses scientifiques \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes complexes. Ainsi, avoue-t-il que c\u2019est parce que c\u2019est \u00ab un secteur difficile qui implique de nombreuses parties prenantes d\u00e9cisionnaires, de l\u2019utilisateur au politique, et qui implique aussi des r\u00e9actions tr\u00e8s \u00e9motionnelles \u00bb qu\u2019il s\u2019int\u00e9resse \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9. Ren\u00e9 Schumann aime donc les d\u00e9fis quasiment insolubles et les questions de recherche complexes.<\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Valoriser les donn\u00e9es existantes<\/strong><\/p>

Il nous explique qu\u2019il existe beaucoup de donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9 et que certaines sont m\u00eame en acc\u00e8s libre comme celles de l\u2019Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la statistique. Pourtant, un acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es n\u2019est pas suffisant car il faut pouvoir les faire parler en les valorisant. Le SI Lab \u2013 Smart Infrastructure Lab<\/a> (laboratoire d\u2019infrastructures intelligentes) dirig\u00e9 par Ren\u00e9 Schumann s\u2019y att\u00e8le. Contrairement \u00e0 d\u2019autres domaines de la durabilit\u00e9, il existe \u00e9norm\u00e9ment de parties prenantes dans la mobilit\u00e9 qui se trouve impact\u00e9e \u00e0 chaque instant par les actions des utilisateurs. Il est \u00e9galement difficile d\u2019infl\u00e9chir le comportement des personnes priv\u00e9es car cela rel\u00e8ve de la libert\u00e9 de d\u00e9placement qui est per\u00e7ue comme une libert\u00e9 essentielle. Ainsi, les changements de politique publique provoquent des r\u00e9actions parfois violentes (pensons aux Gilets jaunes en France ou aux achats paniques des Anglais en 2021 lorsque la p\u00e9nurie d\u2019essence risquait). Un v\u00e9hicule priv\u00e9 est synonyme de libert\u00e9 mais est parfois indispensable aux personnes vivant dans des r\u00e9gions p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques. Les choix politiques sont donc d\u00e9licats dans ce domaine car chaque acteur d\u00e9fend une logique qui lui est propre (financi\u00e8re, d\u2019optimisation ou \u00e9lectorale). Ainsi, pour prendre les d\u00e9cisions qui sauront r\u00e9pondre aux attentes de la population et mettre en place des politiques publiques efficaces et durables, il est important de pouvoir se baser sur la science des donn\u00e9es.<\/p>

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Jumeau num\u00e9rique \u2013 une simulation du r\u00e9el<\/strong><\/p>

Afin de permettre aux repr\u00e9sentants politiques de prendre les meilleures d\u00e9cisions, le SI Lab souhaite leur fournir des recommandations bas\u00e9es sur des preuves scientifiques. Les donn\u00e9es actuelles existantes sont utilis\u00e9es dans des mod\u00e8les cr\u00e9dibles et personnalis\u00e9s selon les r\u00e9gions. Ce mod\u00e8le fonctionne gr\u00e2ce au jumeau num\u00e9rique. En d\u2019autres termes, un jumeau num\u00e9rique est une reproduction virtuelle d\u2019un syst\u00e8me qui est mis \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Ainsi, le jumeau num\u00e9rique de l\u2019\u00e9tat de la circulation routi\u00e8re dans la ville de Zurich peut \u00eatre \u00e9labor\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019aide des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9colt\u00e9es existantes. Il est alors possible de simuler ce qu\u2019un changement de l\u00e9gislation ou une d\u00e9cision politique pourrait avoir comme impact sur la mobilit\u00e9 des Zurichois.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Une politique publique fond\u00e9e sur des preuves scientifiques<\/strong><\/p>

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un partenariat avec l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Zagreb, Kre\u0161imir Ku\u0161i\u0107 a travaill\u00e9 durant une ann\u00e9e sur cette th\u00e9matique au sein du SI Lab. Au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice d\u2019une bourse d\u2019excellence de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, il a combin\u00e9 la simulation classique du trafic routier et les donn\u00e9es existantes du trafic en en temps r\u00e9el. Le temps r\u00e9el n\u2019est ici pas instantan\u00e9, mais repr\u00e9sente une latence raisonnable. Chaque minute, le jumeau num\u00e9rique re\u00e7oit des donn\u00e9es du monde r\u00e9el et la simulation s\u2019ajuste ainsi constamment pour \u00eatre au plus proche de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Cela est notamment possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de la plateforme open data pour la mobilit\u00e9 en Suisse fourni par l\u2019Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des Routes qui vise \u00e0 devenir la plateforme nationale de la mobilit\u00e9. Le SI Lab peut ainsi cr\u00e9er de la valeur avec ces donn\u00e9es et construire un jumeau num\u00e9rique. Celui-ci est capable de se nourrir d\u2019informations r\u00e9elles et de fournir une simulation aussi d\u00e9taill\u00e9e que possible de la situation en incluant le nombre de v\u00e9hicules et leur vitesse \u00e0 un endroit particulier du trafic.<\/p>

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SI Lab \u2013 un v\u00e9ritable laboratoire de la mobilit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>

Au sein du SI Lab<\/a>, diff\u00e9rents projets sont en cours en lien avec la mobilit\u00e9. L\u2019un des projets tente de pr\u00e9voir ce qu\u2019il va se produire entre un point A et un point B du trafic en analysant un mod\u00e8le d\u2019autoroute pr\u00e8s de Gen\u00e8ve. L\u2019id\u00e9e est de proposer une estimation du trafic dans d\u2019autres points du r\u00e9seau routier, d\u2019y tester des strat\u00e9gies de contr\u00f4le du trafic et \u00e9ventuellement de r\u00e9aliser des pr\u00e9dictions de trafic. D\u2019autres projets en lien avec la mobilit\u00e9 sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Ren\u00e9 Schumann, notamment un Flagship Innosuisse qui a pour but d\u2019\u00e9tudier et de r\u00e9duire le trafic de marchandises dans une zone urbaine. Le SI Lab r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un syst\u00e8me de mod\u00e9lisation bas\u00e9 sur des agents (mod\u00e8le informatique permettant de simuler des actions et interactions). Ce mod\u00e8le pourrait permettre de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 de nouveaux mod\u00e8les de transports et notamment aider \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un certain nombre de questions : quel est le comportement de la population en mati\u00e8re de transport priv\u00e9 et public, quelles politiques publiques faut-il appliquer et quelles sont leurs cons\u00e9quences ? Pourquoi et comment promouvoir un type de mobilit\u00e9 plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un autre ?<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Plus d\u2019informations<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Prof. Dr. Ren\u00e9 Schumann<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ren\u00e9 Schumann est professeur-chercheur au sein de l\u2019Institut informatique de la HES-SO Valais-Wallis depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es. Jamais \u00e0 court d\u2019un trait d\u2019esprit ing\u00e9nieux, son humour est aussi affut\u00e9 que son intelligence est vive. Trilingue, il est souvent assist\u00e9 dans son \u00e9quipe par des post-doctorants aux parcours et origines vari\u00e9es. Peut-\u00eatre est-ce cette ouverture d\u2019esprit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":9813,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMobilit\u00e9: La science aide les collectivit\u00e9s \u00e0 la mise en place de politiques publiques efficaces – Swiss Digital Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mobilit\u00e9: La science aide les collectivit\u00e9s \u00e0 la mise en place de politiques publiques efficaces\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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